Art and Literature in Augustan Rome - 1252 Words

Art and Literature in Augustan Rome The beginning of this time period comes with the death of Julius Caesar and the rise to power of his nephew, Octavius. He was in the Second Triumvirate that was formed to maintain order in Rome. Octavian, Marcus Lepidus, and Marc Antony ruled formally unlike the informal triumvirate of Julius Caesar. The triumvirate set out to execute members of the conspiracy against Julius Caesar. In 42 BC, Brutus and Cassius were finally defeated. In the following years the triumvirate diminished. In 36 BC, Lepidus retired. Marc Antony began to have affairs with Cleopatra, the queen of Egypt. These affairs briefly came to a pause when Antony married Octavian’s sister Octavia. Marc Antony later returns to Egypt and†¦show more content†¦Another example is that the poem also served in Augustus’s attempts to re-introduce Roman values into Roman society, including reverence for the gods. Aeneas continually showed reverence to the gods, just as he did when he left Dido because it was the god’s will. The poem continues to reflect these ideals by portraying Aeneas not as a man motivated by personal gain, but a man motivated by his love and loyalty to his country, people and gods. For Romans the Aeneid is seen as something mystical, which it may be, but for Augustus it is just another example of his use of literature and art as propaganda. Augustus also united the Empire through his use of the arts as a form of self-promotion and to promote the themes of his administration, such as peace, allegiance to Rome, and respect for tradition. He visually improved the city by constructing new buildings that were worthy of the powerful Empire. He made art into the materialization of Roman government which was an idea continued by his descendants and was declared a god. He knew that he had to portray his greatness in all the aspects of his subjects’ lives, including the arts. Three examples of such art are the Ara Pacis, the Temple of Mars, and the Res Ges tae Divi Augustus. The Ara Pacis was made to honor the triumphal return from Spain and Gaul of Augustus and to celebrate the peace established by his victories. The Temple of Mars was constructed in Rome, to giveShow MoreRelated Augustan Poetry Essay830 Words   |  4 PagesAugustan Poetry Often through hardship and nearly insurmountable difficulty great works of art are born. Although years of bloodshed and civil war had plagued Rome since the death of Julius Caesar, some of the most powerful and influential literature in the western world was developed in that timeframe. During the Age of Augustus (approximately 43 BC – 17 AD) such great writers as Virgil, Horace, Livy, Propertius, and Ovid created epic masterpieces of literature and philosophy. It was throughRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Two Of The Aeneid 876 Words   |  4 Pageswas spattered throughout the pages of historical literature and art. Unlike our contemporary â€Å"piety†, however, Pietas refers to a much more broad and abstract devotion. Roughly translated, it means a loyalty to family and country. Or, in more direct terms, it is a sense of duty and responsibility specifically to one’s father, Roman values and customs, the Gods, and country. Pietas was commonly displayed through a rt, sculpture, and even literature throughout the entire length of the Roman empire,Read MoreReflection Of Ovids Metamorphoss1330 Words   |  6 PagesLatin poems. Unlike Virgils Aeneid, which preceded it by twenty-one years, it is elusive and ironic, mythic rather than historical, and, as its name suggests, continually shifting its shape. Rather than chronicling and celebrating the monumentality of Rome and the grandeur of its emperor, Ovid here examines and reflects upon the passions and inner strengths and weaknesses of individuals. The Metamorphoses is a collection of tales rather than one complex story or set of adventures. Many scholars argueRead MoreAugustan Art and Propaganda Essay1964 Words   |  8 PagesAugustan Art and Propaganda Julius Caesars reign was an unfavorable and chaotic period for Rome, and after his death, a large portion of the empire was handed down to his adopted son, Gaius Octavian. From the ashes of his father, Octavian was able to build an Empire unparalleled. Later, the name Augustus was given to him by Senate. Augustus ostensibly maintained the form of the Roman Republic while in actuality creating the Roman Empire. He introduced the administrative reforms that led to theRead MoreWhy The Greeks Influenced Roman Culture1015 Words   |  5 Pagesthis, I will support my discussion with a set of specific examples. Lastly, as I have a personal interest in museum studies, I will briefly answer the question: Was it theft? Did the Romans really loot Greek art, and what for? . Discussion The Roman adoption of Greek culture and arts started via the Greek colonies sometime c 700 BC; yet it was intensified in the late Third and Second Millennium BC, when expansion into the Hellenistic world opened Roman eyes to the hitherto unregardedRead MoreThe Romans Of The Augustan Age1761 Words   |  8 Pages1. What does it mean to be a Roman? How did the Romans of the Augustan age think about themselves? What are some of the important ideas that they used to form their identity? How did they see themselves in relationship to others? How did other peoples contribute to their identity? To be a Roman is a very honorable trait, because at the time Rome had taken over most of the modern world. For one to be a Roman they must have honor and respect and if they lost those two traits they would be ashamedRead MoreTheme in Virgil’s Aeneid625 Words   |  3 PagesVirgil, the most distinguished poet of the Roman Empire lived during the rulings of emperor Octavian, better known as Augustus. His father a farmer, he found no time for the daily grind, instead Virgil sought writing. His primary works of art centered on turmoil brought on by evil power and pointless wars. The history of this time is fascinating because it is the beginning of what we know today as the Roman Empire. It is easy to poke fun at Virgil as a spawn of Homer as his writing is similar inRead MoreThe English Renaissance : The Golden Age1861 Words   |  8 PagesSpain. During Queen Elizabeth’s reign, London became a place where learning and literature disproved. She also recognized the import ance of art and theater, which is the reason they prospered under her. Her personal esteem of music, drama and poetry made it possible for members of the court to support the arts. Moreover, This Golden Age represented the flowering of literature, poetry and music. Literature, visual arts, music and architecture were some of the main factors of the English RenaissanceRead MoreComparison Between Roman And Roman Civilization1565 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction- Since Roman Civilization Rome itself is highly recognized for its most notorious dynasties of all the city gained its own image in exposing harsh cruelty. During the years in BC Imperial and administration earned Hellenistic Empires from republic, after being discovered in Sicily, Macedonia, between The Seleucid and Egypt itself was barely modify to a lending degree to prevail percentages from the Domain, Ever since then Rome has always been widely known for its brutal behavior andRead MoreEssay on Augustus Caesar859 Words   |  4 PagesEmpire. He made Rome what think of it as and what we study today. Octavian’s first public appearance was in 51 BC when he delivered his grandmother’s eulogy. In 48 BC he started his political career when he was elected to pontifical college. In 45 BC he went with Caesar to Spain and in 44 BC when Caesar was killed he discovered he had been adopted by him. Upon this happening Octavian gathered support and troops and went to Rome to make his adoption official. When he got to Rome, Marc Antony,

My Senior Year Of High School - 1210 Words

I am not sure what about my senior year of high school led to so many times of reevaluation as opposed to other years. Maybe it was because of the overshadowing of closing one door while knowing I would have to open another one very soon that led me to think through who I was and how I was taking in information. But, nonetheless, that year brought forth many opportunities for me to learn about myself. I consider myself an individual who knows a little about a lot. Being a history major that seems to be the way I think. I am interested in a whole lot of different topics and I enjoy discussing those different topics. However, because my knowledge about some of those topics may not be as extensive as I would like other people to think, I am faced with a decision. I can either admit to not knowing or I could try to talk my way through the discussion. Unfortunately, I often choose the latter. This mistake of continuously choosing the worse of the two came to one of its biggest challenges in my World Cultures class during Senior year of high school. During the last two weeks of this class, preassigned groups would work tirelessly to finish up their â€Å"World Cultures Project.† This was a project that all seniors knew about. In short, a group of three had to pick an issue around the world and create a way to display this issue to parents, teachers, and other students during a night were they would all walk around and tour the projects. My group chose the problems in North Korea,Show MoreRelatedMy Senior Year In High School760 Words   |  4 PagesMy Senior Year in High School was More Fun than Work As I walked across what appeared to be a mile-long stage to receive my diploma, I realized I had put in a lot of hard work leading up to that moment, but my senior year was not one of them. I enjoyed myself as much as possible during my senior year and was able to have some of the best times of my life that I will remember forever. I participated in fundraising events, prom king competition and matured leading up to my senior year which was notRead MoreMy Senior Year Of High School893 Words   |  4 Pageschanging my past for it is has led me to who I am now. However as I grow and reflect on circumstances that have occurred, I realize that there are instances in which I yearn that I would have done things differently. One perhaps being, I wish in my senior year of high school I would have worked less hours at my job and enjoyed my classes, events, and token opportunities in school. The summer before my senior year of high school began my parents had taken the decision that after twenty years of marriageRead MoreMy Senior Year In High School747 Words   |  3 PagesI have been anticipating my senior year since the day I walked into my Kindergarten classroom. 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The Conceptual Framework of Accounting - Corporate Governance

Question: Discuss about the Accounting Research, Practice, and Financial. Answer: Introduction: Within the basic premises and concepts that General Purpose Financial Reporting, the report will prepare a comprehensive report based on the effectiveness of the business of BHP Billiton to address the related business obligations of the conceptual framework of accounting. The financial reporting plays the vital role for discussing the financial disclosure (Weil, Schipper and Francis 2013). It further discusses the financial situation of the firm which assists investors in predicting the performance of BHP Billiton. The summary report, thus, will include data extracted from the General Purpose Financial Report of BHP Billiton, containing details like Conceptual Framework, Corporate Governance, Legitimacy, Code of Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility Conceptual Framework: A Conceptual Framework is all about the system of ideas and objectives based on which the organization develops the consistent set of standards that provides the framework for setting the standards for accounting (Macve 2015). The rule and standards, functions and limits of the financial accounting followed by BHP Billiton is critically addressed the financial obligations in this section. BHP Billiton Plc, the leading Energy resource company prepared their financial reports related to the requirements of the Australian Corporations Act 2001. Following the accounting framework, the company has incorporated Australian Accounting Standards, corresponding with International Financial Reporting Standards. It is believed that standards followed by the organization help stakeholders in the development of the globally accepted standards (Bhpbilliton.com. 2016). While the financial statements are evaluated in the basis of principles of the historical costs except for derivative financial instruments and several other financial assets which are carried at fair value. The policies of accounting have consistently followed by BHP Billiton aligning with the prior years accounting presented. Corporate Governance: Corporate Governance essentially includes the balancing interests of BHP Billitons stakeholders which the company is directed and controlled (Bhpbilliton.com. 2016). In other words, the company has a governance framework that goes beyond an interest in governance for the firms individual sake or the requirement to comply with regulatory requirements. According to Weil, Schipper and Francis (2013), the good governance is all about handling responsibilities of management for executive and is entrenched throughout the organization. Thus, the company believes in long term value creation based on high quality governance. To adopt the best governance standards in Australia, the company is operated as the leading position of the energy sector. Diagram 1: The Governance Structure of BHP Billiton (Source: Bhpbilliton.com. 2016) The above diagram describes the framework for the governance at BHP Billiton (Bhpbilliton.com. 2016). The diagrams clearly demonstrate the interaction between the shareholders and the Board, discussing how the Committee of the board structure facilitates the relationship between the CEO and the board (Bhpbilliton.com. 2016). This has explained the delegation flow related to the shareholders. The company has healthy processes in place for the smooth delegation flows through the Board and its committees to the CEO and the GMC into the firm. Furthermore, the management has maintained an upwards flows for discussing the accountability from the authority of the organization to shareholders. There are several scenarios of the business portfolio has been incorporated in the corporate governance report for assessing the performance of the company. For instance, the corporate planning cycle include assumptions around currencies, prices of commodities, the rate of taxes, the price of commodities, tax rates and the price of carbon and ranges for a several number of risks and the price of carbon and ranges for the several of risks the group basis (Bhpbilliton.com. 2016) . Moreover, this gives the detailed idea about the global growth, trade levels, situations of geopolitics of Australia, climate change and technology. BHP Billiton has followed the diversified asset portfolio management for dealing all these scenarios and strategies of the company. The Charter is the key to the framework of BHP Billiton. The charter addresses the purpose, strategies and values of the business and provides guidelines how the business would be successful. The company, in this scenario, develops a culture which supports high values and standards, the potential integrity on the basis of personal and corporate by showing respects for others. The board uses the formal and informal communication channels for the global shareholders of the company (Schneider and Schmidpeter 2012). Thus, the company has followed a regular proactive engagement process with shareholders and investors representative organizations takes place in Australia, the United States, South Africa and the United Kingdom. The company discusses the comprehensive governance issues along with the broad strategy of the Group. Generally, the company has established a good relationship with governance managers, fund managers and the advisers of governance for managing the governance issues faced by the company. In this way, the company has followed a strong charter values, including the value of sustainability and managed to develop good interaction with stakeholders and plan for the future. Legitimacy: According to Lanis and Richardson (2012), legitimacy is all about the perception and assumption that all actions are desirable, proper or appropriate within certain socially constructed system of values, norms beliefs and definitions. In other words, it is the hypothetical social contract between the reporting entity and the society in which it operates (Barth 2015). In the case of the BHP Billion, the organization has maintained its accountability while the preparation of the financial statement followed by the international financial reporting standards. In the financial statement of 2015, the company has declared US$7.3 billion to governments worldwide (Bhpbilliton.com. 2016). By investing more than US$225 million in local communities across the world on projects that include improving access to education and healthcare, BHP Billiton has established social contracts with their reporting stakeholders (Bhpbilliton.com. 2016). While preparing the financial statements, the company has taken followed proper estimation and assumptions that affect the reported accounts of liabilities and assets. The statements further disclosed the contingent liabilities at the specified date of the statement of the financial along with the declaration of the revenue and expenses during the period presented therein. By mentioning the nature of these assumptions and conditions in their notes of the financial statements, BHP Billiton has clearly disclosed their values, norms and beliefs in their reporting of General Accounting Financial presentation. Codes of ethics: The code of Business conduct of BHP Billiton is based on the Charters value of the company. According to Islam (2015), the Code demonstrates the commitment towards practicing the ethical business activities and accomplishes or exceeds applicable legal requirements. In other words, the code of ethics needs to be practiced by BHP Billiton for maintaining the business consistency in terms of operations, finances and social responsibilities. This will help to create loyalty and trust with the stakeholders (Union 2014). The charter reflects the Group Level Documents, Standards, and procedures which are application throughout the company. The code of business conduct helps the company to perform in daily work and assists employees to practically applies the values developed by the charter of the company. By following the laws and regulations of those countries in which the company operates, BHP Billion is committed towards upholding certain standards at the level of international and guidelines. For instance, the company has followed principles of the United Nations Global Compact, the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Voluntary Principles on Securities and Human Rights. However, it is a debatable fact the code of conduct of the business cannot determine every law of the business. As far as the business code of conducts is concerned, all the entities of the company are controlled and committed towards adhering to the Code, regardless of location and role. Furthermore, an associated non-controlled joint ventures and minority interests are also adopted the same principles and standards. Chart 1: Path of Business Code of Conduct of BHP Billion (Source: Bhpbilliton.com. 2016) BHP Billiton has fully committed to working with integrity and practicing with the relevant business code of conduct obviously to restrict engaging the unethical behaviors at the workplace. For instance, the business code has applied for addressing the differences exist due to local norms, customs, rules and regulations, while setting the higher standards of the behavior. By following this, the company has imporoved code of practices and regulatory compliance over the time period. During 1997, BHP published the guideline to conduct the business which described the basic principles for the conduct of the business. This has increased the level of confidence while conducting the business. Since the years, the Global Ethical Panel of the company has played a significant role in advising on ethical dimensions of issues of the business. For instance, the panel has given advises to the internal members from BHPs businesses and legal, Risk and Human Resource Functions (Weil, Schipper and Fra ncis, 2013). In the recent times, BHP Billiton is mainly associated with prohibits any form of punishments, disciplinary, or retaliatory action which have been taken against anyone for raising or helping to address the related concerns while conducting the business. The compliance functions, on the other hand, supports all activities with the concerned Collection Manager along with the team of expert anti-corruption, trade and competition lawyers who are taking responsibilities to the Risk and Committee of the board (Bhpbilliton.com. 2016). In this way, the company is raising their business concerns through Ethics Point. Now all queries about the interpretations and application of the code of the business will be treated seriously and considerable in a timely manner. Corporate Social Responsibility: Sustainability is the core business essence of the corporate strategies of BHP Billiton. The company has ensured integrated safety, health, environmental, social and economic aspects into their decision making process. The corporate social responsibilities are mainly concerned for managing risks within the company to ensure safety and healthy aspects into their business (Navi 2012). As per the records of the Sustainability report of 2015, BHP Billiton has maintained their commitments to provide the energy and resources required for economic development and growth. Initially, the company is committed for maintaining safety measures for their people. To prevent the work place injuries and fatalities, the company commits to make workplace safer than ever. On the other hand, the company has maintained their responsibilities towards contributing to the social and economic development of host communities. BHP Billiton has largely contributed towards the generation of the opportunities for employment, the development of facilities and infrastructure and in relation to the purchase of local services and goods. In FY2015, BHP Billiton made US$7.3 billion in payments to governments (Bhpbilliton.com. 2016). The company has also increased their voluntary commitments and invested US$225million in community programs. Under the policy of the Corporate Social Responsibilities the company has identified several risks. Under the policy of the Zero Tolerance, the company has accomplished the several requirements which are as follows: Category Requirement Child Labor BHP Billiton is committed not to hire people who are not accomplishing their compulsory education. As per community concerns, the minimum age into employment shall be considered not below than 15 years of age. Inhuman treatment of employees This company is committed towards maintaining an environment that treats all employees with dignity and respect. All this aspects have taken by the company seriously to prevent threat of violence, abuse or sexual exploitation and any other psychological harassments and so on Compulsory labor engagement BHP Billiton is against for involuntary or forced labor engagement Healthy and safety of Workplace The company has proposed requirement for the suppliers to ensure the provisions of safety and healthy working facilities and contingency plans. To follow this requirement, the company has provided training for taking measures related to employee health and safety. For this reason, the company is also maintained HSC Group level documents and recorded the following data accordingly. World Heritage sites and IUCN Protected Areas The company does not sourced their materials from World Heritage listed sites or International Union for Conservation of Nature Protected Areas. Table 1: Requirements of CSR Requirements of BHP Billiton (Source: Bhpbilliton.com. 2016) Conclusion: By addressing subjects like conceptual framework, corporate governance, legitimacy, code of ethics and CSR, this report can be easily concluded that BHP Billiton has maintained rules, regulations and standards as per the General Purpose Financial Reporting Standards to increase the accounting effectiveness within the organization. References: Barth, M.E., 2015. Financial Accounting Research, Practice, and Financial Accountability.Abacus,51(4), pp.499-510. Bhpbilliton.com. 2016.BHP Billiton | A leading global resources company. [online] Available at: https://www.bhpbilliton.com/ [Accessed 26 Aug. 2016]. Edwards, J.R., 2013.A History of Financial Accounting (RLE Accounting)(Vol. 29). Routledge. Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K. and Howieson, B., 2015.Issues in financial accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. Islam, M.A., 2015. Overview. InSocial Compliance Accounting(pp. 1-10). Springer International Publishing. Lanis, R. and Richardson, G., 2012. Corporate social responsibility and tax aggressiveness: a test of legitimacy theory.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,26(1), pp.75-100. Macve, R., 2015.A Conceptual Framework for Financial Accounting and Reporting: Vision, Tool, Or Threat?. Routledge. Navi, S.T., 2012. Corporate social responsibility. Schneider, A. and Schmidpeter, R., 2012. Corporate social responsibility.Verantwortliche Unternehmensfhrung in der Praxis, Berlin ua. Union, N.S.T., 2014. Code of ethics.private copy supplied by Bruce Kelloway, assistant executive director, NSTU. Weil, R.L., Schipper, K. and Francis, J., 2013.Financial accounting: an introduction to concepts, methods and uses. Cengage Learning.